ArticleExperimental hematology & oncology2025
Unravelling neutropenic enterocolitis: insights from gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier analyses.
Article in Experimental hematology & oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04438278 (Neutropenic Enterocolitis in Critically Ill Hematological Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neutropenic Enterocolitis in Critically Ill Hematological Patients: Taxonomic and Functional Analysis of Gut Microbiota
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Role of Gut Microbiota in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Immune interplay between sepsis and haematological malignancies.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Review
- Deficiency of osteopontin in gut epithelial cells enhances intestinal integrity by promoting gut renewal through the JAK3/STAT4 pathway in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Beyond antibiotics: collateral damage to the gut microbiome during cancer therapy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic ecology of the fiber-microbiota-barrier axis in leukemia: resilience, immune recovery and pharmacomicrobiomics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Mechanisms ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a severe digestive complication of chemotherapy, primarily affecting patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We hypothesized that NE is linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut dysbiosis.
methodsSixty-five AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy were included in this prospective monocentric cohort. Among them, 26 patients (40%) were diagnosed with NE. Stool samples were subjected to bacterial load quantification (all bacteria quantitative PCR), 16s rRNA metagenomic analysis, and short-chain-fatty-acids quantification. Additionally, fecal calprotectin and human 𝛃-defensin 2 along with plasmatic inflammatory cytokines, and citrulline levels were measured. Human transcriptomic analysis was conducted on samples obtained from anatomical specimens of colectomies of NE patients.
resultsGut microbiota underwent significant alterations after chemotherapy, transitioning from a diverse and balanced enterotype to enterotypes exhibiting a reduced α-diversity, an increased abundance of Enterococcus faecalis, and a decreased abundance of butyrate-producing genera, which correlated with a decreased fecal concentration of butyrate. Simultaneously, post-chemotherapy, plasma citrulline concentrations decreased indicating enterocyte damages. Finally, human transcriptomic analysis found a significant upregulation of the JAK-STAT signaling KEGG pathway in the colons of NE patients encompassing cytokines (IL-6, OSM-OSMR) that play a pivotal role in sustaining local inflammation within the digestive tract.
conclusionsThis work reaffirms the significant influence of chemotherapy on the gut microbiota and the integrity of the enterocyte barrier. Severe NE is marked by the development of a local inflammatory response that may be induced by the reduction in butyrate levels.
trial registrationThe study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT04438278).
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