ArticleBMC nursing2025
Global prevalence and risk factors of varicose veins among health care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in BMC nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predictive value of great and small saphenous vein diameters for venous reflux in lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency: A segmental analysis using duplex ultrasonography.Journal of ultrasound · 2026Article
- Benchmarking public large language model responses to patient-facing varicose veins questions: informational quality, verifiability indicators, and readability.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association between vitamin D deficiency and incident varicose veins: a propensity score-matched cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A survey of self-reported varicose veins with prior clinical diagnosis among adults residing in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study examining associated factors.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Occupational Heat Exposure and Chronic Venous Disease: Barriers, Adaptations, and Implications for Sustainable Workplaces.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Complications Following Endovenous Laser Ablation for Varicose Veins.International journal of vascular medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo explore the global prevalence of varicose veins among healthcare workers and their associated risk factors.
backgroundVaricose veins are a common occupational disease among healthcare staff. To enhance the occupational health of this population, it is necessary to understand their prevalence and risk factors.
methodsWe searched databases including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL. We used random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the pooled prevalence of varicose veins and associated risk factors (odds ratios) and conducted a narrative synthesis. KEY
findingsA meta-analysis comprising 9 studies revealed that the global prevalence of varicose veins among healthcare workers is 25% (95% CI, 18-31%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the highest prevalence, at 28% (95% CI, 9-47%), was in Middle East and North Africa. Compared with other methods, detection methods that include Doppler ultrasound examination and physical examination using the CEAP classification, along with questionnaire surveys, have both reported a higher prevalence rate of 28%. Additionally, the prevalence in developing countries, at 29% (95% CI, 19-38%), exceeds that in developed countries. The identified risk factor associated with the development of varicose veins among healthcare workers include female (OR = 3.29, 95%CI, 1.77-6.13), family history (OR = 1.86, 95%CI, 1.53-2.58) and being parous (OR = 1.75, 95%CI, 1.21-2.53).
conclusionHealthcare workers have a high prevalence of varicose veins, and hospital managers can take proactive measures against the identified risk factors to reduce the risk of disease and ensure the safety of medical care. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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