ReviewDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2025
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis: a multi national meta-analysis study.
Review in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between systemic inflammation-immune index and comorbidities in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a cross-sectional study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome among individuals with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 72,129 patients.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a risk stratification model for cardiovascular disease in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA): a retrospective study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Glucolipid metabolic dysfunction in ankylosing spondylitis: inflammatory mechanisms, immune-metabolic crosstalk and therapeutic implications of natural products and traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A multicenter explainable machine learning analysis of autoimmune disease comorbidity in ankylosing spondylitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Enteropathic arthritis is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and venous thromboembolism.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2025Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the prevalence of MetS in AS remains uncertain. This meta-analysis estimates the global prevalence of MetS in AS patients and identifies factors contributing to its variability.
methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published up to January 18, 2024. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence, while meta-regression and subgroup analyses explored sources of heterogeneity.
resultsSeventeen studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included. The pooled prevalence of MetS in AS patients was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.9-20.8%). The highest prevalence was reported in Africa (37.0%) and the lowest in Asia (8.0%). Variability in AS diagnostic criteria influenced prevalence estimates, with the highest MetS rates found in studies using the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria (37.0%). Meta-regression identified significant associations between MetS prevalence and older age (β = 0.04, P < 0.01), higher body mass index (β = 0.09, P < 0.01), triglyceride levels (β = 0.01, P < 0.01), waist circumference (β = 0.03, P < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.04, P = 0.02) and disease activity, measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) (β = 0.03, P = 0.02). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly correlated with MetS prevalence (β = 0.01, P = 0.04), while C-reactive protein was not (β = -0.01, P = 0.12).
conclusionMetS is a prevalent comorbidity in AS, significantly influenced by inflammation, obesity, and disease activity. Given its strong association with cardiovascular risk, routine metabolic screening should be incorporated into AS management. Clinicians should adopt an integrated approach that includes lifestyle modifications, targeted therapies, and careful cardiovascular risk assessment to mitigate long-term complications. Standardized diagnostic criteria for MetS in AS are needed to improve risk stratification and patient outcomes.
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