Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40380146›Full record

Observational studyMalaria journal2025

Consistency and reproducibility of independent feedings using blood from two consecutive days at varying Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities based on both direct membrane feeding assay and direct skin feeding assay.

Hoseah Miima Akala, John J Aponte, Millicent Anyango Achola, Dennis W Juma, Benjamin H Opot, Risper N Maisiba, Raphael O Okoth, Jackline A Juma, Edwin W Mwakio, Maurine A Mwalo and 20 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04666350 (Clinical Investigation Study to Evaluate the Consistency and Reproducibility of Two Consecutive Mosquito Feeding Assays in Adults With Varying Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocyte Densities), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04666350 completednot on this map

Clinical Investigation Study to Evaluate the Consistency and Reproducibility of Two Consecutive Mosquito Feeding Assays in Adults With Varying Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocyte Densities

TypeobservationalSponsorPATHRan2021 to 2021Enrolled42ConditionsMalariaArmsDirect Skin Feeding Assay (DSFA), Primaquine, Artemether/Lumefantrine
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors.

Hoseah Miima Akala *Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya. Hosea.Akala@usamru-k.org.
John J Aponte *PATH, Geneva, Switzerland.
Millicent Anyango AcholaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Dennis W JumaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Benjamin H OpotWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Risper N MaisibaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Raphael O OkothWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Jackline A JumaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Edwin W MwakioWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Maurine A MwaloWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
David O OulloWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
David AbuomWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Eric C GargesWalter Reed Army Institute of Research Africa, Kisumu, Kenya.
Fredrick L EyaseWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Lucas Otieno TinaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Nathanial K CopelandWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Amanda RothMedical Communications for Combat Casualty Care, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
James MutungaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Irene OnyangoWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Jaree JohnsonArmed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Bernhards R OgutuCentre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Peter SifunaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Jack HutterWalter Reed Army Institute of Research Africa, Kisumu, Kenya.
Laina MercerPATH, Seattle, WA, USA.
Mike RainePATH, Seattle, WA, USA.
Valerie MoorePATH, Seattle, WA, USA.
Karen IvinsonPATH, Geneva, Switzerland.
Yimin WuPATH, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ben AndagaluWalter Reed Army Institute of Research-Africa, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Christian F OckenhousePATH, Seattle, WA, USA.

Funding

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1191923 / INV-007217
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNew malaria control tools are needed to prevent the transmission of parasites from the host to the mosquito vector and vice versa. The infectiousness of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes obtained from individuals to laboratory-reared mosquitoes should be quantified to employ easily applicable assays for evaluating transmission-blocking interventions. This study aimed to establish the relationship between parasite transmission from humans to mosquitoes both within a person and across persons by assessing the variation in the proportion of infected mosquitoes with at least one oocyst (oocyst prevalence) in a direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA) and direct skin landing feeding assay (DSFA) performed at two consecutive time points in the same human subject with P. falciparum gametocytaemia.

methodsA total of 400 adults without symptoms of malaria residing in Western Kenya were screened for the presence of P. falciparum gametocytes. Individuals who tested positive had DMFAs and DSFAs on two subsequent days of feeding, baseline and final visit, to compare mosquito infection rates between the two feeds.

resultsBlood samples from 42 individuals testing positive for gametocytes underwent mosquito infection assays. Survival rates of mosquitoes after feeding at baseline and final visit were 13.2 and 11.6 days for DMFA and 12.1 and 11.4 days for DSFA, respectively. The mean oocyst prevalence on feeding at baseline and final visit was 6.3% and 2.2% for DMFA and 5.2% and 2.3% for DSFA, respectively. A not significantly lower prevalence was not observed on at final visit (- 0.016% for DMFA, p = 0.795) and -0.025% for DSFA, p = 0.711 compared to feeding at baseline. The correlation of oocyst prevalence between feeding baseline and final visit for both was low (0.3 95%CI (0.15, 0.51). Exploratory analysis suggests a lower probability of infection on the second day, with lower oocyst density.

conclusionsThese findings have implications for future studies and limit the utility of before-after designs in testing transmission-blocking interventions. The findings show comparable infection rates in both DMFA and DSFA, which allows use of less invasive membrane assays in future studies. Trial registration NCT04666350.

Indexed as

AnophelesMalaria, FalciparumMosquito VectorsPlasmodium falciparumAdolescentAdultAnimalsFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansKenyaMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsYoung AdultBefore-afterClinical trial designGametocytesMalariaTransmission blocking

Identifiers

PMID40380146
PMCPMC12085032

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.