ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2025
Development and Evaluation of Cyclosporine a Mixed Micelle Eye Drops for Enhanced Ocular Drug Delivery.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- From design to Deployment: The innovative role of nanomicelles in targeted ophthalmic therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery is hindered by anatomical and physiological barriers that limit drug bioavailability. Among emerging solutions, mixed micelle systems offer promising potential for enhancing the efficacy of ocular formulations. This study investigates the development and evaluation of a novel cyclosporine A (CsA) micellar eye drop formulation using octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether 40 (OP-40), a surfactant with favorable ocular delivery properties, and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 40 (RH-40), a non-ionic surfactant that can enhance the dispersion and stability of the system. OP-40 was optimized through a purification process, and a hybrid micelle system was developed by screening excipients and refining the formulation process. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), crystalline form of CsA, interactions between surfactants and excipients, and the influence of excipients on buffer capacity were systematically examined. The resulting eye drops demonstrated favorable physicochemical characteristics, including pH, osmolality, and stability under both accelerated conditions and long-term storage at room temperature. Furthermore, the formulation exhibited no ocular irritation in rabbit models, confirming its safety. In conclusion, OP-40-based CsA mixed micelle eye drops provide a promising strategy to overcome ocular drug delivery challenges, with significant potential to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in ophthalmic applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.