ArticleScientific reports2025
Research on operation strategy of multiple channels pharmaceutical supply chain based on blockchain technology.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Comprehensive Review of the Revolutionary Potential of Blockchain in Safe, Secure, and Sustainable Pharmaceutical Operations.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Pooled it
- Selecting suitable entities to implement blockchain in green agricultural supply chains.PloS one · 2026Article
- Comprehensive promotion of drug traceability codes in China in 2025: challenges and solutions for tertiary outpatient pharmacists.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The pharmaceutical e-commerce market is rapidly expanding, with manufacturers and various e-commerce platforms actively exploring online pharmaceutical sales channels, while blockchain technology is introduced to ensure the transparency and authenticity of the pharmaceutical supply chain. This paper constructs a multiple channels pharmaceutical supply chain differential game model consisting of pharmaceutical manufacturer, traditional retailer and an e-commerce platform. This model explores online sales channel options for manufacturer and the impact of blockchain technology introduction on operational strategies such as pharmaceutical pricing and quality assurance inputs. The validity of the model is further confirmed through numerical examples and MATLAB simulations. The results indicate that consumer out-of-pocket percentage and preference for online channels influence the choice of online sales channel options for manufacturer. Specifically, when consumer out-of-pocket percentage or preference for online channels are low, the manufacturer should choose the reselling mode; conversely, it should choose the agency selling mode. Furthermore, the introduction of blockchain technology effectively improves both the retail price and authenticity of pharmaceuticals. This not only enhances consumer trust, but also drives market demand by enhancing the perceived quality of pharmaceuticals, thereby increasing the profitability of each supply chain member. Simultaneously, manufacturers' investment in pharmaceutical quality assurance of pharmaceuticals have risen, which, in the long run, positively affects business growth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.