ArticleScientific reports2025
A recombinant BCG with surface-displayed antigen induces humoral and cellular immune responses.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- BCG immunisation through intranasal instillation protects mice against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by enhancing alveolar macrophage activity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin as adjuvant platform enhances immunogenicity of conserved epitopes from structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Peptide-Based Strategies AgainstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated vaccine widely used for tuberculosis prevention. While BCG has long been perceived as an intracellular candidate vector for delivering antigens against infectious diseases and cancers, challenges persist in inducing durable immune responses, particularly high-titer neutralizing antibodies (Nabs). Here we show that displaying antigens in the surface of BCG is a promising strategy to induce long-lasting Nabs production and T-cell responses. We constructed a recombinant BCG expressing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen on its cell wall, termed CW-rBCG::RBD, which achieved an antigen yield approaching 850 nanograms per 10
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.