ArticleBMJ open2025
Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with kidney stone prevalence: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007-2020.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes and Kidney Stones: Strengthening Links Over Time?TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome as Independent Risk Factor for Pneumococcal Pneumonia: Evidence from a Territory-Wide Study.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Using the American heart association's new 'cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome' metrics to assess life expectancy in us adults: A life table analysis.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Association of estimated glucose disposition rate with aging acceleration and mortality risk in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: evidence from two large national population-based studies.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Balancing Stone Prevention and Kidney Function: A Therapeutic Dilemma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Association between components of metabolic syndrome and risk of urinary stone recurrence: a single-center case-control study.Therapeutic advances in urologyArticle
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5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of kidney stones (KSs) has been increasing globally, and their association with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome suggests a shared underlying pathophysiology. However, the impact of different stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome on KS prevalence remains unclear.
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between the stages of CKM syndrome and the prevalence of KS in a nationally representative sample of adults in the USA.
methodsA total of 15 568 participants aged ≥20 years were included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2020 fasting subsample. CKM syndrome stages (0-4) were defined based on the 2023 American Heart Association Presidential Advisory on CKM Health. The KS history was determined using self-reported data. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the CKM syndrome stage and KS prevalence.
resultsOf the 15 568 participants, 1501 (9.64%) reported a history of KS. The KS prevalence increased progressively with advancing CKM stage, rising from 5.10% in stage 0 to 16.55% in stage 4 (p<0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the ORs for KS were 1.18 (95% CI 0.83-1.68) for stage 1, 1.72 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.32) for stage 2, 2.00 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.10) for stage 3 and 2.36 (95% CI 1.64 to 3.40) for stage 4, compared with stage 0 (
conclusionThis study demonstrated a significant stepwise increase in KS prevalence with the advancing stages of CKM syndrome. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring and managing CKM syndromes to mitigate the risks of KS.
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