ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2025
Tumor location as a risk factor for severe immune-related adverse events.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Baseline Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Risk Stratification Marker for Severe Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Two-Cohort Study With Retrospective Discovery and Prospective Validation.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: current advances and the putative role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Novel use of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for refractory ventricular tachycardia with cardiac metastasis of primary renal cell carcinoma: a case report.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Autoimmune origin for immune checkpoint inhibitor-diabetes revealed by deep immune phenotyping of the pancreas.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can cause severe morbidity and mortality, and they impair treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Risk factors for irAEs are not well understood.We observed cases of patients having tumor deposits in their liver and lung during a workup of irAEs, which led us to hypothesize that the presence of tumor in an organ would increase the odds of developing severe irAEs in that organ. We then performed a retrospective cohort study that included patients who received an ICI for the treatment of cancer and were hospitalized between February 2011 and November 2021 at the Massachusetts General Hospital.We reviewed 384 patients hospitalized with concern for any irAE. A clinical diagnosis of ICI-related hepatitis occurred in 18% of patients with liver tumor deposits versus 8% of those without (OR 2.23, 95% CI (1.10 to 4.43), p=0.02). ICI-related pneumonitis occurred in 10% of patients with lung tumor deposits versus 4.4% of those without (OR 2.45, 95% CI (1.06 to 6.36), p=0.047). A combined analysis for liver and lung lesions demonstrated that the presence of tumor deposits in an organ increased the odds of having an irAE in that organ by over twofold (OR 2.31, 95% CI (1.34 to 3.99), p=0.002).Our results suggest that the presence of tumor deposits may represent a novel risk factor for severe irAEs in that organ.
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