ArticleThe journal of pain2025
Leveraging insights from the psychological science of gender stereotyping to advance scholarship on gender-diverse individuals' pain experiences.
Article in The journal of pain, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Modern racism contributes to overall less pain management and a "one size fits all" approach.Health psychology report · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is evidence of gender disparities in pain experience and pain care as well as the role of stereotypes in perpetuating discriminatory care, however most of this work focuses on comparisons between cisgender men and women; little is known about gender-diverse individuals' pain experiences and outcomes. We consider the value of extending existing cisgender-focused frameworks to understand how the application of gender stereotypes in clinical care contribute to pain care disparities and perpetuate bias, stigma, and discrimination experienced by gender-diverse people. First, we review the literature on stereotype content and stereotype application processes that are theorized to contribute to gender discrimination in pain treatment. We then leverage this extant framework to conduct a novel empirical investigation into the culturally endorsed pain-relevant stereotypes (i.e., trustworthiness, competence, mental illness, and emotional dramatization) of transgender men, transgender women, and nonbinary individuals (as well as cisgender men and cisgender women for replication and comparison purposes). We find that a sample of U.S. adult participants (N = 221) consistently endorsed more negative cultural stereotypes relevant to pain for gender-diverse than cisgender individuals illustrating how stereotype application may undermine high quality and equitable pain treatment of gender-diverse individuals. Based on our findings, we illustrate how this stereotype application may manifest in clinical contexts. Finally, we integrate existing social psychological theorizing to identify opportunities to decrease the impact of stereotypes in the clinical pain encounters. PERSPECTIVE: Gender-diverse individuals experience pain care disparities, which are in part attributable to cultural stereotypes. Building upon stereotyping theory and research from social psychology, we show that pain-relevant negative stereotypes are applied to gender-diverse individuals and highlight opportunities to interrupt stereotype application in clinical interactions to improve health equity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.