ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2025
Influence of Choline-Based Ionogel on Transdermal Delivery of Vancomycin Hydrochloride.
Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transdermal Ionic Liquid Gel of Erlotinib for Localized Breast Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Taurine-based Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Ionic Liquids Modulate the Perifollicular Microenvironment for Androgenic Alopecia Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Smart microdevices for biomedical drug delivery: endogenous stimuli as the key to safer therapeutics.RSC advances · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted considerable interest as new drug delivery solvents because of their superior transdermal absorption of large molecular weight drugs across the biological barrier and their capacity to solubilize hydrophobic compounds. It is difficult to administer hydrophilic peptide treatments with large molecular weights through the skin. Vancomycin hydrochloride (VH) is a glycopeptide antibiotic that cures bacterial infections. With a molecular weight of 1449 Da and a high water solubility of 50 mg/mL, VH is an impressive compound. This study aimed to quantify the amount of VH transdermal penetration by analyzing the influence of choline-based ILs. Choline geranate was used as an IL in this investigation, whereas oleic acid (OA) (unsaturated) and palmitic acid (PA) (saturated) were chosen as the two types of fatty acids. The molar ratio of choline bicarbonate (CB) to either OA (CO) or PA (CP) was 2:1. In an additional series of trials, choline geranate (CAGE) ILs were prepared by mixing CB and geranic acid in a 1:2 molar ratio. For NMR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared investigations, these formulations were characterized. Zeta potential indicated that all of the formulations had negative charges. The decreased irritation potential of CAGE, as shown by conductivity studies, makes it appropriate for skin application. To determine which formulation enhancers worked best, ex vivo skin permeation studies were carried out on both intact and tape-stripped skin. After 48 h, skin transport investigations showed that neat VH did not penetrate the excised porcine skin. Nevertheless, the CO and CP-based formulations greatly improved the skin penetration (6729 ± 437 μg/cm
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