Nuclear Import Defects Drive Cell Cycle Dysregulation in Neurodegeneration.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and other age-related disorders have been classically defined by a set of key pathological hallmarks. Two of these hallmarks, cell cycle dysregulation (CCD) and nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) defects, have long been debated as being either causal or consequential in the pathology of accelerated aging. Specifically, aberrant cell cycle activation in post-mitotic neurons has been shown to trigger neuronal cell death pathways and cellular senescence. Additionally, NCT has been observed to be progressively dysregulated during aging and in neurodegeneration, where the increased subcellular redistribution of nuclear proteins, such as TAR DNA-Binding Protein-43 (TDP-43), to the cytoplasm is a primary driver of disease. However, the functional significance of NCT defects as either a causal mechanism or consequence of pathology, and how the redistribution of cell cycle machinery contributes to neurodegeneration, remains unclear. Here, we describe that pharmacological inhibition of importin-β nuclear import is capable of perturbing cell cycle machinery both in mitotic neuronal cell lines and post-mitotic primary neurons in vitro. Our Nemf