Observational studyBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025
Disparities in Stillbirths in England: Analysis of A Population-Based Study of 1.3 Million Births.
Observational study in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interventions to Address Disparities in Perinatal Outcomes by Ethnicity: A Systematic Review.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Community-Based Midwife Continuity of Care Models for Women Living in Areas of Social Disadvantage and Ethnic Diversity in the United Kingdom: A Prospective Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Acceptable Nomenclature for Pregnancy Loss Care: A Cross-Sectional Observational Survey.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Observational
- Why current risk factor-based approaches fall short in predicting stillbirth: a national cohort study of nulliparous women in England.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Ethnic Disparities in Perinatal Mortality and Associated Factors: A Nationwide Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Conversations About Stillbirth Risk in Routine Antenatal Care: A Qualitative Study Post-Implementation of the Safer Baby Bundle.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the variation in stillbirth rates between different ethnic and socioeconomic groups within each organisational hospital group (health trust).
designNational registry study.
settingAll health trusts (HT) in National Health Service England. POPULATION: All mothers and babies born between April 2015 and March 2017.
methodsThis observational study examined ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in stillbirth rates for 1 268 367 births in 133 HTs compared to the national average. OUTCOME: Stillbirth at or after 24 gestational weeks.
resultsThe average stillbirth rates ranged from 3.4/1000 births for White women up to 7.1/1000 births for Black women. The rates ranged from 2.9/1000 births for women living in the least deprived areas to 4.7/1000 births for those in the most deprived. The proportions of HTs with stillbirth rates well above the national average (more than 2 standard deviations) for White, Asian and Black women were 0.8%, 21.8% and 38.6%, respectively. When HTs were ranked by stillbirth rate, there were notable variations, with some trusts demonstrating lower than average stillbirth rates for White women while concurrently having higher than average stillbirth rates for Asian and/or Black women. There were no units exhibiting lower than national average stillbirth rates for Asian/Black women while concurrently having higher than average stillbirth rates for White women.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that access to and delivery of maternity care vary depending on the mother's ethnicity and level of socioeconomic deprivation. Social factors are likely determinants of inequality in stillbirth rather than maternity care alone.
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