Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40376598›Full record

ArticleACS sustainable chemistry & engineering2025

Harnessing the Potential of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural: Investigating Solubility and Stability in Tailored Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Grazia Isa C Righetti, Maria Enrica Di Pietro, Gabriella Leonardi, Arianna Sinibaldi, Andrea Mezzetta, Lorenzo Guazzelli, Andrea Mele

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Grazia Isa C RighettiDepartment of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Maria Enrica Di PietroDepartment of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2370-1948
Gabriella LeonardiDepartment of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Arianna SinibaldiDipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Andrea MezzettaDipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4540-9948
Lorenzo GuazzelliDipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4655-2946
Andrea MeleDepartment of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-0538

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The potential of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a platform chemical for sustainable biobased products is widely recognized. However, its practical applications are often constrained by stability challenges. This study examines the solubility and chemical stability of HMF in 15 paradigmatic deep eutectic solvents (DES), formed by combining five hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs: betaine, choline chloride, choline acetate, L-carnitine, and l-proline) and three hydrogen bond donors (HBDs: glycerol, ethylene glycol, and levulinic acid). Our findings reveal that HMF demonstrates high solubility and remarkable stability across the studied DES. Only a few cases of HMF degradation were observed and discussed, with specific degradation pathways identified in certain solvent mixtures. Notably, the HBAs within the DES play a crucial role in significantly enhancing the stability of HMF, establishing a foundation for its use as a renewable synthon in organic chemistry using environmentally benign solvents. These findings represent a significant step forward in aligning the synthetic design with the principles of green chemistry.

Identifiers

PMID40376598
PMCPMC12077263

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.