Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40376007›Full record

ArticleAEM education and training2025

The effects of overcrowding, boarding, and physician-in-triage on resident education: A scoping review.

Jeffery Hill, Grace Hickam, Jazmyn Shaw, Joel Moll, John W Cyrus, Sally A Santen, Michael Gottlieb

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AEM education and training, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jeffery HillUniversity of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-3022
Grace HickamVirginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6247-4530
Jazmyn ShawUniversity of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5605-3307
Joel MollVirginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-8923
John W CyrusVirginia Commonwealth University Health Sciences Library Richmond Virginia USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-5151
Sally A SantenEmergency Medicine and Medical Education University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8327-8002
Michael GottliebDepartment of Emergency Medicine Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3276-8375

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Emergency department (ED) overcrowding and boarding has been shown to have negative effects on patient care. However, there has been less focus on the effects of overcrowding and boarding on resident education. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to map the current literature on the educational effects of ED overcrowding, summarizing the current research findings and identifying gaps for future research. We sought to answer (1) How is overcrowding defined by individual studies? (2) What educational outcomes have been studied in overcrowding and how have they been measured? (3) What are the educational effects of physician-in-triage (PIT) care models? (4) What educational responses have been initiated in response to ED overcrowding? and (5) What are the effects of those educational responses? We searched Medline, Embase, ERIC, MedEdPortal, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two authors independently extracted data. All authors performed quantitative and qualitative synthesis, consistent with best practice recommendations for scoping reviews. Results: The initial search strategy identified 2570 articles, with 14 articles meeting inclusion criteria. The literature found perceptions of a negative impact of overcrowding and boarding on resident education. However, these negative perceptions have not consistently translated to demonstrably negative educational outcomes. Educational outcomes assessed include measures of resident productivity, procedural experience, in-training examination scores, and perceived measures of teaching quality and educational value. Several studies assessed the impact of PIT models finding changes in the type and volume of patients seen by residents as a result. Conclusions: This scoping review summarizes the existing literature assessing the educational impact of ED overcrowding and boarding as well as PIT models. The review provides context and insights for future research into these effects.

Identifiers

PMID40376007
PMCPMC12075098

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.