Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2025
Combined Smoking Cessation and Alcohol Abstinence Treatment for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Randomized Trial.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
introductionIn the United States, 80% of adults experiencing homelessness smoke combustible cigarettes. Power to Quit 2 (PTQ2) was a randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of a combined smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence biobehavioral intervention, Intensive Smoking plus Alcohol (IS + A), versus Usual Care (UC) for adults experiencing homelessness.
methodsPTQ2 was conducted in two urban homeless shelters in the Upper Midwest (2014--2018). People who smoked and reported hazardous alcohol use (N = 344) were randomized to IS + A (10 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking and alcohol cessation plus nicotine replacement therapy [NRT], n = 168) or UC (educational session on smoking and alcohol cessation plus NRT, n = 176). The primary hypothesis was that the intervention would result in greater biochemically verified 7-day point-prevalent smoking abstinence 26 weeks post-intervention compared with UC. Our secondary hypothesis was that the intervention would result in greater 30-day alcohol abstinence 26 weeks post-intervention compared with UC.
resultsAt week 26, the IS + A intervention group did not differ from the UC group in expired carbon-monoxide-verified 7-day point-prevalent smoking abstinence (16.6% vs. 12.8%, P = .47) or rate of self-reported 30-day alcohol abstinence (91.1% vs. 90.2%, P = .75).
conclusionsThe IS + A intervention did not result in significantly better smoking or alcohol cessation outcomes than UC. Nonetheless, trends in the smoking outcome data favored the intervention group, underscoring the importance of continued research into biobehavioral interventions that address smoking and alcohol use among adults experiencing homelessness. IMPLICATIONS: The study highlights the difficulty in observing changes in smoking outcomes in interventions tailored to concurrently address smoking and alcohol use among persons experiencing homelessness. The findings add to existing knowledge by providing evidence about the real-world complexities facing people who use tobacco and alcohol while experiencing homelessness.
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