Trial reportTrials2025
What is the effect of the Informed Health Choices secondary school intervention on the ability of students in Rwanda to think critically about health choices after one-year follow-up? A cluster-randomized trial.
Trial report in Trials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Do studies of interventions to improve laypeople's critical thinking about health choices assess potential harms? A systematic review.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions to promote critical health literacy: a scoping review.Health promotion international · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Informed Health Choices secondary school intervention on the ability of students in Rwanda to think critically and make informed health choices after 1 year.
methodsThis was a two-arm cluster-randomized trial conducted in 84 lower secondary schools from 10 districts representing five provinces of Rwanda. We used stratified randomization to allocate schools 1:1 to the intervention or control arm. One class in each intervention school had ten 40-min lessons taught by a trained teacher in addition to the usual curriculum. Control schools followed the usual curriculum. The primary outcome was a passing score (≥ 9 out of 18 questions answered correctly) for students on the Critical Thinking about Health Test completed 1 year after the intervention. We conducted an intention to treat analysis using generalized linear mixed models, accounting for the cluster design using random intercepts.
resultsAfter 1 year, 35 of 42 teachers (83.3%) and 1181 of 1556 students (75.9%) in the control arm completed the test. In the intervention arm, 35 of 42 teachers (83.3%) and 1238 of 1572 students (78.8%) completed the test. The proportion of students who had a passing score in the intervention arm was 625/1238 (50.5%) compared to 230/1181 (19.5%) in the control arm (adjusted odds ratio 7.6 [95% CI: 4.6-12.6], p < 0.0001). The adjusted difference in the proportion of students with a passing score was 32.2% (95% CI 24.5-39.8%).
conclusionsThe IHC secondary school intervention was effective after 1 year. However, the size of the effect was smaller than immediately after the intervention (adjusted difference 32.2% vs 37.2%) due to decay in the proportion of students in intervention schools with a passing score (50.5% vs 58.2%).
trial registrationPan African Clinical Trial Registry (PCTR), trial identifier: PACTR202203880375077. Registered on February 15, 2022.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.