Importance of Neck Boundary Condition and Posture on Cervical Spine Response Assessed using a Detailed Finite Element Human Model in a Head-First Impact.

M I Morgan, M A Corrales, H Kaur, P A Cripton, D S Cronin

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

The Effect of Head-Forward Posture on Lower Neck Loads and Dislocation Risk in Head-First Impact: A Computational and Experimental Investigation.JOR spine · 2026
Article

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

M I MorganDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

M A CorralesDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

H KaurDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

P A CriptonFaculties of Applied Science and Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

D S CroninDepartment of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. duane.cronin@uwaterloo.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7538-0560

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeHead-first impacts (HFI) are associated with a high risk of cervical spine trauma. Experimentally, HFI use an inverted full body (FB), or a head and neck with torso surrogate mass (TSM) attached to the first thoracic vertebra. FB testing is complex and few studies have been completed, while more testing has been done in the TSM configuration, no comparison of the two setups exists.

methodsIn this study, the effect of TSM and FB on the head and neck response was investigated computationally using three initial neck postures (flexed, neutral, and extended). The TSM was applied to an extracted head and neck from a contemporary full body model, while the FB was used for comparison. The models were inverted and dropped on a rigid plate at three velocities (2.0, 3.1, and 3.6 m/s). Head impact force, head and neck kinetics, vertebral kinematics, and internal energy were measured and compared between the models.

resultsTSM models demonstrated higher neck forces, and internal energy, compared to FB models. Despite similar head contact forces, the compliant thorax of the FB model reduced the neck forces and energy. The neutral and extended posture predicted higher neck forces due to facet joints engaging, while anterior head translation in the flexed posture reduced neck forces.

conclusionsThis study identified that the neck response using a TSM boundary condition differs from a FB condition, leading to higher neck loads, and that lordotic neck postures lead to higher neck forces compared to a kyphotic initial posture.

Indexed as

Cervical VertebraeHeadModels, BiologicalNeckPostureBiomechanical PhenomenaFinite Element AnalysisHumansMaleCervical spine responseFull bodyHead-first impactHuman body modelPosture effectTorso surrogate mass

Identifiers

PMID40374977

DOI10.3389/fbioe.2022.1022506

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.