Recessive variants in WSB2 encoding a substrate receptor of E3 ubiquitin ligase underlie a neurodevelopmental syndrome.

WD40 and SOCS box protein-2 (WSB2), a member of the large family of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-box proteins, has recently been identified as a substrate receptor of cullin 5 E3 ligase that plays an important role in proteomic regulation through substrate ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Here we report five patients from four unrelated families presenting with neurodevelopmental delay, dysmorphic features, brain structural abnormalities with or without growth restriction, hypotonia, and microcephaly, all of whom are homozygous for extremely rare and predicted loss-of-function (pLoF) or missense variants in WSB2, inherited from consanguineous parents. The Wsb2-mutant mice exhibited several neurological findings that included hyperactivity, altered exploration, and hyper alertness. They also weighed less, had a lower heart rate, and presented an abnormal retinal blood vessel morphology and vasculature pattern along with decreased total thickness of the retina. Our findings suggest that homozygous LoF WSB2 variants cause a novel neurodevelopmental disorder in humans with similar neurologic and developmental findings seen in Wsb2-mutant mouse models.