Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40374658›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

The impact of ancestral, genetic, and environmental influences on germline de novo mutation rates and spectra.

O Isaac Garcia-Salinas, Seongwon Hwang, Qin Qin Huang, Rashesh Sanghvi, Daniel S Malawsky, Joanna Kaplanis, Matthew D C Neville, Felix R Day, Raheleh Rahbari, Aylwyn Scally and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Dynamics of mutators of arbitrary dominance in humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. AScience advances · 2026
    Article
  5. A sibling study of variation in parental mutation rates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Increased rate ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

O Isaac Garcia-Salinas *Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-569X
Seongwon Hwang *Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-3708
Qin Qin HuangWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-717X
Rashesh SanghviWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7703-9216
Daniel S MalawskyWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4421-8688
Joanna KaplanisGenomics England, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-6683
Matthew D C NevilleWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-7936
Felix R DayMRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-7651
Raheleh RahbariWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. rr11@sanger.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-7785
Aylwyn ScallyDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. aos21@cam.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-1167
Hilary C MartinWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. hcm@sanger.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4454-9084

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

De novo germline mutation is an important factor in the evolution of allelic diversity and disease predisposition in a population. Here, we study the influence of genetically-inferred ancestry and environmental factors on de novo mutation rates and spectra. Using a genetically diverse sample of ~10 K whole-genome sequenced trios, one of the largest de novo mutation catalogues to date, we found that genetically-inferred ancestry is associated with modest but significant changes in both germline mutation rate and spectra across continental populations. These effects may be due to genetic or environmental factors correlated with ancestry. We find epidemiological evidence that cigarette smoking is significantly associated with increased de novo mutation rate, but it does not mediate the observed ancestry effects. Investigation of several other potential mutagenic factors using Mendelian randomisation showed no consistent effects, except for age at  menopause, where factors increasing this corresponded to a reduction in de novo mutation rate. Overall, our study sheds light on factors influencing de novo mutation rates and spectra.

Indexed as

Gene-Environment InteractionGerm-Line MutationMutation RateCigarette SmokingFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome, HumanHumansMaleWhole Genome Sequencing

Identifiers

PMID40374658
PMCPMC12081642

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.