ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2025
De facto opioids: Characterization of novel 7-hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl product marketing.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- ACMT Position Statement: Public Health Risks of 7-Hydroxymitragynine and Other Kratom-Associated Compounds.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2026Article
- Determination of mitragynine concentrations in medicolegal death investigations at the Oklahoma Office of the Chief Medical Examiner from 2022 to 2023.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- Avoiding False Identification of 7-Hydroxymitragynine in Kratom Products Using a Multicriteria LC-MS Confirmation.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2026Article
- Article
- Elevated 7-Hydroxymitragynine Levels Found in Products Misbranded as Kratom.Journal of AOAC International · 2026Article
- A Review of Kratom Product Evolution and Its Associated Health Outcomes.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2026Review
- Observational real-world analysis of dose-dependent effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- From kratom to 7-hydroxymitragynine: evolution of a natural remedy into a public-health threat.Pharmaceutical biology · 2025Review
- Clinically characterizing adults who use kava or kratom: Substance use disorder assessment challenges for increasingly popular botanical products.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Bidirectional effects on breathing in rats.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- An Initial Survey Assessing the Temporal Relationship of Kratom Initiation With Medical Treatment and Substance Use.Substance use : research and treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWithin the past year, the online sale of semi-synthetic products containing chemicals derived from mitragynine, kratom's primary alkaloid: 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl (MP) has emerged. Both are highly selective mu opioid receptor agonists undetectable or not present in fresh kratom leaves and may, as constituents of novel product formulations, pose public health risks.
methodBetween September 2024-February 2025 we abstracted from websites of vendors selling 7-OH and MP products information about these products, including formulation types, dose/serving size, cost, and effect, health, and drug claims
resultsWe identified 304 7-OH and MP semi-synthetic products. Most (82.2 %) were 7-OH-only products formulated as chewable/sublingual tablets, shots, or gummies; 14.5 % were combination 7-OH-MP, and 3.3 % MP-only. MP and 7-OH-MP combination products were almost uniformly marketed as "kratom" while 92.0 % of 7-OH-only products were advertised as such. Across products' online marketing content, 73.3 % made effect claims, most often promising increased focus and/or providing relaxation. Functional claims of pain and anxiety relief were made by 37.8 % of products while 12.5 % of made drug claims. The mean cost per recommended dose/serving was $3.97; MP products had a mean cost closer to $5 per recommended dose/serving. Several products had names alluding to prescription opioids.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.