ArticleCancer2025
Mammography screening and risk factor prevalence by sexual identity: A comparison of two national surveys.
Article in Cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Barriers to Care Among LGBT Cancer Survivors: An Analysis of the All of Us Research Program.Cancers · 2026Article
- Associations between Insurance Status, Financial Hardship, and Rurality on Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Mammography.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEmerging research suggests that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) women face barriers to breast cancer screening. The authors sought to quantify sexual identity disparities in mammography screening, health care access, and lifestyle-related risk factors using two national surveys.
methodsData from the 2018, 2019, and 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the 2018, 2020, and 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey were analyzed. The authors performed meta-analyses to determine the relative risks (RRs) of self-reported, up-to-date mammography for women identifying as LGBQ versus those identifying as straight. Differences in health care access and lifestyle-related breast cancer risk factors were also assessed by sexual identity.
resultsLGBQ women reported lower up-to-date mammography (pooled RR [pRR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-0.98) versus straight women, driven by differences among bisexual/queer women (pRR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.95) and those entering screen-eligibility at ages 40-49 years (pRR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80-0.91) and 50-59 years (pRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98). LGBQ women were more likely than straight women to be uninsured (BRFSS survey [8.6%; 95% CI, 6.5%-11.2%] vs. NHIS [5.1%; 95% CI, 4.8%-5.4%]) and to experience financial barriers to care (BRFSS survey [13.8%; 95% CI, 11.6%-16.3%] vs. NHIS [8.9%; 8.5%-9.2%]). Lifestyle-related breast cancer risk factors were more common among LGBQ women versus straight women, including current smoking (BRFSS survey [19.0%; 17.1%-21.2%] vs. NHIS [13.9%; 13.6%-14.3%]).
conclusionsLGBQ women were more likely than straight women to be exposed to breast cancer risk factors, which were compounded by lower screening and facing health care access barriers. It is crucial to identify interventions for screening and risk reduction that are accessible and effective for LGBQ women, particularly bisexual/queer women and those aging into screen-eligibility.
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