ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026
Recent Surge in Severe 25-hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency Among African American Children and Pregnant Women: Implications for Rickets.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNutritional rickets is disproportionately prevalent among African American children and is closely linked to vitamin D (VD) deficiency. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and trends of vitamin D deficiency in American children, as well as pregnant and lactating women, from 2001 to 2023, with a focus on African American children.
methodsWe analyzed serum 25(OH)D levels from 2001 to 2023, as well as dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake from 2007 to 2020, among children aged 1-17 years and pregnant and lactating women. Data were from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
resultsIn the 2021-2023 sample, African American children had the highest rate of severe 25(OH)D deficiency (< 25 nmol/L) at 13.8% among all racial groups. This represents a significant increase from 5% in 2001-2002. Additionally, 2% of African American toddlers aged 12-23 months had severely deficient 25(OH)D levels between 2003 and 2023. An increase in severe 25(OH)D deficiency was also observed in pregnant and lactating African American women during the 2021-2023 period. Furthermore, 83.3% of African American children and 61.4% of pregnant and lactating African American women had daily vitamin D intakes below 10 mcg (400 IU), the highest inadequacy rates among all racial groups from 2007 to 2020.
conclusionThe recent rise in severe vitamin D deficiency among African American children, pregnant, and lactating women increases the risk of nutritional rickets and calls for prompt public health attention.
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