Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Global Burden and Risk Factors of Stroke in Young Adults, 1990 to 2021: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of remote rehabilitation therapy for upper limb dysfunction following stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials.BMC neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic nutritional indices and functional outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Stem cell transplantation in stroke: Current obstacles and future directions to improve efficacy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Global burden of subarachnoid hemorrhage in young adults, 1990-2021: disparities, risk factors, and projections to 2050.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Migraine in Young Stroke Patients-Better Outcomes Despite Distinct Risk Profiles: Insights From the STROKE-CARD-Study.European journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Geographical disparities and spatial non-stationarity in stroke prevalence across China: a Bayesian analysis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Implementation of Stroke Prevention Intervention Make My Day in Swedish Primary Healthcare.Canadian journal of occupational therapy. Revue canadienne d'ergotherapie · 2026Article
- The Latest Global Stroke Fact Sheet 1990-2023: Global Burden of Disease Study.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Review
- Prevention in stroke - Current state, present gaps and probable next steps.Neurological research and practice · 2026Review
- ESO annual stroke evidence update 2025.European stroke journal · 2026Review
- Association of atherogenic index of plasma and cardiometabolic index with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in NAFLD patients: NHANES 1999-2018.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Global research trends and emerging frontiers in young-onset stroke: a bibliometric analysis (1996-2026).Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Recognizing, managing, and preventing cognitive sequelae after stroke. A narrative review.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2026Review
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke among Young Filipino Adults.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Lifetime Probability of Developing Migraine: A Novel Epidemiological Perspective Based on Global Burden of Disease Data.Pain research & management · 2026Article
- Acute cerebrovascular disease in the Philippine Neurological Association One Database (PNA1DB)-patient profiles and disparities between public and private hospitals.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Article
- Interaction between age and atrial fibrillation on ischemic stroke severity: a cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Article
- Microcirculatory failure after successful recanalization in ischemic stroke: insights into mechanisms, imaging, and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to estimate the disease burden of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and overall stroke among young adults (aged 15-49 years) in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021, along with the associated risk factors.
methodsGBD (Global Burden of Disease Study) 2021 data were used to assess the burden and trends via age-standardized rates and their estimated annual percentage changes.
resultsAlthough age-standardized rates generally declined from 1990 to 2021, the number of incident and prevalent stroke cases among young adults increased by 36% (95% uncertainty interval, 31%-41%) and 41% (95% uncertainty interval, 38%-43%), respectively. Notably, from 2015 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence of ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage among young adults increased, with estimated annual percentage changes of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.39-0.92) and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.47-0.69), respectively. High systolic blood pressure was the primary risk factor for stroke-related disability-adjusted life-years among young adults. However, other risk factors varied by region, with higher proportions of smoking, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high body mass index in high sociodemographic index regions, and higher proportions of household air pollution from solid fuels and diet low in vegetable in low sociodemographic index regions. From 1990 to 2021, the total number of stroke-related disability-adjusted life-years among young adults due to risk factors increased by 12% (95% uncertainty interval, 2%-22%), driven principally by high systolic blood pressure, ambient particulate matter pollution, high body mass index, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting blood glucose.
conclusionsSince 2015, there has been a concerning rebound in the age-standardized incidence rates of ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage among young adults globally. Given regional and sociodemographic index variations in risk factors, targeted and cost-effective policies and interventions are urgently needed to reduce stroke burden in this demographic.
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