ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Epidemiological analysis of turner syndrome in children aged 0-14 years: global, regional, and national perspectives (1990-2021).
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy and influencing factors of recombinant human growth hormone therapy in children with Turner syndrome: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Global and Chinese co-occurrence patterns association with socio-demographic index for congenital heart disease and Down syndrome, 1990-2021.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Karyotype-based evaluation of ovarian reserve before ovarian tissue cryopreservation in Turner syndrome patients.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- Canine XX Disorders/Differences of Sex Development (SRY-Negative): A Potential Role for theSexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation · 2026Review
- Chromosomal Roadblocks in Male Fertility: Mechanisms, Risk Factors and Syndromes.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Turner syndrome (TS), a chromosomal disorder (45, X) affecting approximately 1 in 2,000 female births, results in multisystem morbidity. This study aims to report global trends in the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of childhood TS from 1990 to 2021. Methods: This study analyzed the prevalence and DALYs of TS in children aged 0-14 years using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. Prevalence and DALYs were calculated per 100,000 population with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). A log-transformed linear regression model was applied to estimate the average annual percentage change (EAPC) and evaluate temporal trends. Findings: Globally, the prevalence of TS in children in 2021 was 240598.45 cases (95% UI, 185491.24,318611.47), with 174,186.30 DALYs (95% UI, 127,104.64-223,265.92). From 1990 to 2021, the prevalence increased by 12.81% (95% UI, 11.37% to 14.05%), and DALYs decreased by 66.13% (95% UI, -79.97% to -44.24%). Among the five Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions, the highest EAPCs were observed in the High SDI regions for prevalence (0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05) and DALYs (0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05). Regionally, the largest decline in prevalence rate occurred in Andean Latin America (EAPC = -0.44; 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.43), and the greatest increase was recorded in the Caribbean (EAPC = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.00-0.10). At the national level, India had the highest number of TS cases in 2021, with 45,941.86 cases (95% UI, 35,104.78-61,429.72). Interpretation: Overall, these findings provide a critical foundation for shaping public health strategies and policy decisions aimed at reducing the global burden of pediatric TS through improved diagnostic practices, comprehensive care, and targeted interventions.
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