ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
COVID-19 and blood group-related antigens: can natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies provide innate protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection?
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association of ABO/Rh Blood Groups and ABO Gene VariantsViruses · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets respiratory mucosa, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 may be influenced by predisposing factors including blood groups. In this study, we investigated whether natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies provide innate protection against SARS-CoV-2 and influence disease severity. Methodology: We used samples (plasma and saliva) from a longitudinal cohort study in Bangladesh that enrolled 100 COVID-19 symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. We also enrolled 21 and 38 healthy controls during the pandemic period and pre-pandemic period, respectively. We phenotype ABO blood grouping from blood and determined Lewis and secretor status (H antigen) from the saliva samples. We quantified natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies (anti-A, anti-B, anti-Tn-Mono and anti-αGal IgG, IgA, and IgM) from plasma collected at enrollment. We also explored the trend of natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies until 3 months of convalescence period among the COVID-19 patients (day 14 and day 90 from enrollment). Antibody quantification and ABH/Lewis phenotyping were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: We included 99 COVID-19 patients and 59 healthy controls assessing the differences of natural antibody titer during enrollment, while 95 patients were analyzed exploring Lewis and secretor status with natural antibody titer and disease status. We did not find significant difference in the distribution for neither ABO blood groups nor non-secretors and Lewis-negative individuals among asymptomatic or symptomatic patients and healthy controls. Nonetheless, we observed lower anti-A antibody titers among symptomatic patients compared to healthy controls. We also identified slight differences in antibody titers linked to age and gender. Anti-A and anti-B antibodies among asymptomatic patients had a higher trend up to 3 months from infection compared to symptomatic patients. Conclusion: Higher natural anti-A and anti-B antibody titers may offer protection against symptomatic COVID-19 infections. Gender and blood group differences indicate potential innate immune factors influencing disease severity, but larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.