Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40370470›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

IRAK3 is upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis synovium and delays the onset of experimental arthritis.

Federica Borghese, Richard O Williams, Felix I L Clanchy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Inhibiting METTL3 in macrophages alleviates colitis by enhancing M2 polarization via upregulating IRAKM.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Federica BorgheseKennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Richard O WilliamsKennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Felix I L ClanchyKennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent inducer of endotoxin tolerance-associated molecules, such as interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3), and also a therapeutic target in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, as it upregulates the production of inflammatory mediators. The role of IRAK3 was assessed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease which is amenable to TNF blockade. As a variant of IRAK3 lacks the death domain required for its canonical role, isoform expression was determined in different inflammatory milieu by immunoblotting. RA synovial explant expression of IRAK3 was measured by qPCR. The expression of the larger, "classical" IRAK3 isoform predominated in macrophages treated with various stimuli. The expression of IRAK3 was higher in RA synovium compared to osteoarthritis synovium. Using collagen-induced arthritis, a murine model of RA, the immunomodulatory role of IRAK3 was investigated with wild-type (WT) and IRAK3-deficient mice expressing the MHC-II A

Indexed as

Arthritis, ExperimentalArthritis, RheumatoidInterleukin-1 Receptor-Associated KinasesSynovial MembraneAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryUp-RegulationInterleukin-1 Receptor-Associated KinasesIRAK3 protein, humanIrak3 protein, mousearthritiscytokinesinflammationIRAK3macrophages

Identifiers

PMID40370470
PMCPMC12074951

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.