SynthesisJournal of sleep research2025
The Prevalence of Insomnia Disorder in the General Population: A Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of sleep research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07595185 (Clinical and Neurophysiological Effects of Accelerated rTMS on Sleep Architecture in Chronic Insomnia Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical and Neurophysiological Effects of Accelerated rTMS on Sleep Architecture in Chronic Insomnia Disorder: A Prospective Pilot Study
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risks Associated With Benzodiazepine Long-Term Use in Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and (Network) Meta-Analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2026Pooled it
- Mental health of internally displaced persons: a meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Combination treatment for chronic insomnia disorder in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Guideline
- The "efficacy window" phenomenon of daridorexant in insomnia treatment: a dose-dependent time-course meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of different intervention modalities combined with exercise in patients with insomnia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Insomnia and poor sleep quality in refugee and asylum-seeking populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- The Prevalence of Insomnia Disorder in the General Population: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Effectiveness and Safety of Electroacupuncture in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Insomnia: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded, Waitlist-Controlled Pilot Trial.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Trial
- Heat-TreatedNutrients · 2025Trial
- Differences in insomnia-related factors between working-age and older adults: A comparison of nocturnal and daytime symptoms.Sleep medicine: X · 2026Article
- The prevalence of insomnia disorder in inpatient psychiatric care.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Developing a Traditional Chinese Medicine-Based Lifestyle Content Framework for Insomnia: A Modified Delphi Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Insomnia disorder at 6 weeks postpartum: a prospective study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- Sleep and obesity-known interactions and open questions.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Review
- The Influence of Hospitalization and Nursing Interventions on Inpatients' Sleep Quality: A Multicenter Observational Study.Worldviews on evidence-based nursing · 2026Observational
- Decreased Control and Enhanced Reactivity: Dual Dysregulation Pattern of Cross-Frequency Coupling in Emotional Susceptibility of Non-Clinical Insomnia.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Insomnia disorder is a significant public health issue, but the prevalence estimates vary widely. We performed a meta-analysis aiming to pool prevalence rates in studies (1) carried out in the general population (2) using a true random sample (3) and using a diagnostic interview, DSM based self-report questions, or a questionnaire with a cut-off established against the DSM criteria. A literature search (in PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo) was performed up to April 2024. Two independent reviewers assessed title and abstracts (n = 6732), full-text manuscripts (n = 621) and extracted the data of the 47 included studies. Prevalence rates were pooled using a three-level hierarchical random-effects model, stratified by diagnosis type and adjusted for gender distribution and mean sample age. The pooled prevalence of all studies using an interview to establish the DSM criteria was 12.4% (95% CI: 9.0-16.8%), and of self-report questions assessing the DSM diagnosis 16.3% (95% CI: 11.3%-23.0%). There were 27 studies using different insomnia questionnaires with different cut-offs (prevalence range 7.5%-32.3%). The prevalences differed significantly across regions and high quality studies yielded a lower prevalence rates than lower quality studies. This meta-analysis confirms that insomnia is a common disorder with a prevalence of 12.4 as the most accurate estimate. It also shows the need for standardised ways of assessing insomnia. We think the golden standard is using standardised structured clinical interviews. However, if this is not feasible, we recommend using well validated questionnaires such as the Sleep Condition Indicator or the Insomnia Severity Index. Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023402745.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.