Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40369683›Full record

ArticleJournal of eating disorders2025

Factor structure, internal consistency, and measurement invariance of the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) in a national U.S. sample of cisgender gay men and lesbian women.

Jason M Nagata, Christopher D Otmar, Angela E Kim, Emilio J Compte, Jason M Lavender, Tiffany A Brown, Kelsie T Forbush, Annesa Flentje, Micah E Lubensky, Mitchell R Lunn and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of eating disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Age-Related Trends in Eating-Pathology Symptoms Among Sexual Minority Adults.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jason M Nagata *Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. Jason.Nagata@ucsf.edu.
Christopher D Otmar *Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Angela E KimDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
Emilio J CompteEating Behavior Research Center, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
Jason M LavenderMilitary Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
Tiffany A BrownDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Thach Hall, Suite 226, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
Kelsie T ForbushDepartment of Clinical Child Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Annesa FlentjeThe PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Building S102, Stanford, MC, CA, 5110, 94305, USA.
Micah E LubenskyThe PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Building S102, Stanford, MC, CA, 5110, 94305, USA.
Mitchell R LunnThe PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Building S102, Stanford, MC, CA, 5110, 94305, USA.
Juno Obedin-MaliverThe PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Building S102, Stanford, MC, CA, 5110, 94305, USA.

Funding

Doris Duke Charitable Foundation 2022056National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disorders K12DK111028Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute PPRN-1501-26848
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) is a questionnaire that assesses the severity of eating-disorder symptoms. This study aimed to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance of the EPSI in a large national U.S. sample of cisgender gay men and lesbian women.

methodsThe sample consisted of 1,498 cisgender sexual minority adults, including cisgender gay men (n = 925) and cisgender lesbian women (n = 573), who completed online self-report surveys. Using a split-half approach, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted in the first subset of each sample to identify underlying factor structures, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm model fit in the second subset of each sample. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) was used to assess measurement invariance across the two sexual minority groups.

resultsThe EPSI eight-factor structure was supported across both cisgender sexual minority groups with strong model fit: cisgender gay men (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMR = 0.06) and cisgender lesbian women (CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.07). Measurement invariance analyses indicated that the EPSI was invariant across groups. Internal consistency, assessed using McDonald's omega, was acceptable for all scales (ωs = 0.75 to 0.95).

conclusionsThis study provides support for the utility of the EPSI in cisgender gay men and lesbian women populations, including measurement invariance that allows for meaningful comparisons across groups. Specifically, the EPSI performs reliably and consistently as a measure of eating pathology across adult cisgender gay men and cisgender lesbian women.

Indexed as

Eating disordersFactor analysisLGBTQIA+Measurement invarianceScale validationSexual minority health

Identifiers

PMID40369683
PMCPMC12076874

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.