ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2025
Clinical, sociodemographic, and facility-related determinants of immunotherapy use in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Favorable outcome of immunotherapy use in metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer: a population-based cohort study.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
purposeImmunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), yet factors influencing its adoption remain unclear. This study examines clinical, sociodemographic, and facility-related determinants of immunotherapy use in mTNBC patients using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of mTNBC patients from the NCDB (2015-2020), categorizing them into immunotherapy recipients and non-recipients. Patients with missing data on key variables were excluded. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression identified factors influencing immunotherapy adoption. Cox proportional hazards regression and log-rank tests assessed overall survival.
resultsAmong 1,887 mTNBC patients, 232 (12.2%) received immunotherapy. Factors positively associated with immunotherapy use included later diagnosis year (2018-2020: OR 5.35, p < 0.001), academic facilities (OR 1.43, p = 0.044), and private insurance (OR 1.34, p < 0.001). Lower likelihood of immunotherapy use was observed in older age (71+: OR 0.49, p = 0.019), rural facilities (OR 0.43, p = 0.042), Black race (OR 0.73, p = 0.039), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.53, p = 0.026), and higher Charlson comorbidity scores (≥ 2: OR 0.31, p = 0.035). Immunotherapy was associated with significantly improved survival (median 2.21 vs. 1.01 years, log-rank p < 0.001) and reduced mortality risk (HR 0.59, p < 0.001).
conclusionImmunotherapy use in mTNBC has increased in recent years, with clinical, sociodemographic, and facility-related factors influencing its adoption. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing disparities in access to immunotherapy to ensure equitable treatment and better survival outcomes for all mTNBC patients.
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