ArticleNPJ science of learning2025
A systematic review of AI-driven intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in K-12 education.
Article in NPJ science of learning, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of artificial intelligence-driven simulation in dental education: a systematic review and meta-analysis of learning outcomes.BMC medical education · 2026Pooled it
- Strategies and interventions to promote organ donation and transplantation among university students: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- AI-driven gamification and metacognitive strategy development: a study of primary school English vocabulary learning from a self-regulated learning perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Conceptual Understanding and Conceptual Change Through Human AI Collaboration in Science Education: An Integrated Conceptual Framework from a Systematic Literature Review.F1000Research · 2026Pooled it
- From AI anxiety to educational opportunity: equitable and practical uses of artificial intelligence in STEM education.Journal of microbiology & biology education · 2026Article
- AI readiness, STEM education, economic growth, and climate transition in China: a long-run systems analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Fairness-aware artificial intelligence tutoring for multilingual learners: evaluating adaptive feedback across L1 and proficiency groups.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Does artificial intelligence-supported rhythm-enhanced phonological awareness training improve early reading in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A randomised controlled intervention study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Acceptance of AI-assisted English language learning tools in higher education: psychological correlates across disciplinary and proficiency groups.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence Physician Avatars for Patient Education: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence Generated Videos as Supportive Tools in Medical Education: A Scoping Review.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence in education (AIEd) has grown exponentially in the last decade, particularly intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). Despite the increased use of ITSs and their promise to improve learning, their real educational value remains unclear. This systematic review aims to identify the effects of ITSs on K-12 students' learning and performance and which experimental designs are currently used to evaluate them. The 28 studies analyzed in this systematic review included a total of 4597 students (N = 4597) and used quasi-experimental designs with varying intervention durations. Overall, our findings suggest that the effects of ITSs on learning and performance in K-12 education are generally positive but are found to be mitigated when compared to non-intelligent tutoring systems. However, additional research with longer interventions and increased sample sizes with greater diversity is warranted. Additionally, the ethical implications of using AI for teaching should be investigated.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.