Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40368900›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

The role of carbon catalyst coatings in the electrochemical water splitting reaction.

William J V Townsend, Diego López-Alcalá, Matthew A Bird, Jack W Jordan, Graham A Rance, Johannes Biskupek, Ute Kaiser, José J Baldoví, Darren A Walsh, Lee R Johnson and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

William J V TownsendNottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) Group, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Diego López-AlcaláInstituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-7798
Matthew A BirdNottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) Group, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-5782
Jack W JordanNottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) Group, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Graham A RanceNanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8325-1096
Johannes BiskupekElectron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-3200
Ute KaiserElectron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-4044
José J BaldovíInstituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2277-3974
Darren A WalshNottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) Group, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. darren.walsh@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3691-6734
Lee R JohnsonNottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) Group, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. lee.johnson@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-814X
Andrei N KhlobystovSchool of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. andrei.khlobystov@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7738-4098
Graham N NewtonNottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces (NAMI) Group, GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. graham.newton@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2246-4466

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 364549901 SFB TRR 234RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/R024790/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/R025282/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/S003053/1, FIRG014RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/S017739/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/V000055/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/W524402/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Designing inexpensive, sustainable, and high-performance oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is one of the largest obstacles hindering the development of new electrolyzers. Carbon-coated metal/metal oxide (nano)particles have been used in such applications, but the role played by the carbon coatings is poorly understood. Here, we use a carbon-coated catalyst comprising metal-oxide nanoparticles encapsulated within single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), to study the effects of carbon coatings on catalytic performance. Electrolyte access to the encapsulated metal oxides is shut off by plugging the SWNT ends with size-matched fullerenes. Our results reveal that the catalytic activity of the composite rivals that of the metal oxide, despite the fact that the metal oxides cannot access the bulk electrolyte. Moreover, the rate-determining step (RDS) of the OER matches that measured at empty SWNTs, indicating that electrocatalysis occurs on the carbon surface. Synergism between the encapsulated metal oxide and carbon coating was explored using electrochemical Raman spectroscopy and computational analysis, revealing that charge transfer from the carbon host to the metal oxide is key to the high electrocatalytic activity of carbon in this system; decreasing electron density on the carbon surface facilitates binding of

Identifiers

PMID40368900
PMCPMC12078592

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.