Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40368841›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2025

Multiple Approaches to Genetic Sequencing to Identify Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection Among People Who Inject Drugs.

Kyra H Grantz, Raghavendran Anantharam, Abraham J Kandathil, Jeffrey Quinn, Jacqueline Astemborski, Gregory D Kirk, Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia, Javier Cepeda, David L Thomas, Shruti H Mehta and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kyra H GrantzDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Raghavendran AnantharamDivision of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8089-2819
Abraham J KandathilDivision of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jeffrey QuinnDivision of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4734-5108
Jacqueline AstemborskiDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Gregory D KirkDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Oluwaseun Falade-NwuliaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2321-2295
Javier CepedaDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0304-3172
David L ThomasDivision of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Shruti H MehtaDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Amy WesolowskiDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6320-3575

Funding

The AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) StudyU01DA036297 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Gregory D Kirk, Shruti H Mehta · 2014 to 2026
$28.9M
Elimination of HCV and related liver disease among HIV-infected and -uninfected people who inject drugsR01DA048063 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Shruti H Mehta, David L Thomas · 2019 to 2026
$4.2M
Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research P30AI094189NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA048063NIDA NIH HHS R01-DA048063NIDA NIH HHS R36-DA052224NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA036297NIDA NIH HHS U01-DA036297
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among persons who inject drugs is determined by dynamics of infection, spontaneous clearance, treatment clearance, treatment failure, and reinfection. We used deep sequencing by Nanopore to study sequences of persons with and without self-reported HCV treatment. Even after years of evolution, sequences from the same person were always more similar than sequences from different persons and a Hamming distance threshold of 0.064 reliably differentiated (AUC 0.999) the groups. By comparison to sequences before treatment, identification of unique sequences (distance > 0.064) after treatment reliably identified 8 of 28 instances of post-treatment reinfection. There were multiple causes for finding the same (distance < 0.064) sequence after intended treatment including not commencing or abbreviating treatment, pharmacological treatment failure, or possibly reinfection from same source. These data underscore the value of HCV sequence analysis in understanding viral dynamics among PWID.

Indexed as

HepacivirusHepatitis CReinfectionSubstance Abuse, IntravenousAdultFemaleHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhylogenygenetic sequencinghepatitis Cnanoporepeople who inject drugsreinfection

Identifiers

PMID40368841
PMCPMC12527004

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.