Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2025
Effect of age and sex on the urinary elimination of a single dose of mixed flavonoids: results from a single-arm intervention in healthy United Kingdom adults.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01922869 (An Acute Flavonoid Intervention Study to Examine Influences of Genotype and Phenotype on Flavonoid Absorption, Metabolism and Excretion), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Acute Flavonoid Intervention Study to Examine Influences of Genotype and Phenotype on Flavonoid Absorption, Metabolism and Excretion
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A computational reference for human genomics analysis in (poly)phenol research.Food & function · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNutrition intervention trials demonstrate that increased flavonoid intake can have clinically meaningful impacts on disease outcomes/biomarkers; however, high variability in absorption and metabolism and large heterogeneity in biochemical and physiological responses are observed. The etiology of this variability is poorly understood.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the relationships between sex, age, and microbiota speciation on mixed flavonoid elimination over 24 h.
methodsHealthy males and females (n = 163) prospectively recruited on the basis of age (18-30 y or 65-77 y) and sex consumed a standardized flavonoid-rich test meal providing 640-mg cocoa/chocolate flavan-3-ols, 340-mg citrus flavanones, and 390-mg blackberry anthocyanins. Urinary samples collected at baseline (-24 to 0 h), 0 to 3.5 h, >3.5 h to 7 h, and >7 to 24 h were analyzed for flavonoids and their metabolites by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Stool microbiome speciation was determined via Illumina sequencing. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess differences in cumulative excretion across age and sex with time-by-group interaction taken as the principal analysis of effect.
resultsThere were no group (older females, older males, younger females, and younger males) differences in total 24 h urinary metabolite recovery, but there was a trend toward a higher rate of cumulative recovery in older males versus younger males at 24 h (P-group at 24h = 0.06). Of 76 metabolites, 20 had significantly different times of maximum urine excretion (Tmax) by age and 9 by sex, with a later mean Tmax observed for older participants (92% of instances). Associations with age were not mediated by body mass index (BMI) or microbiome speciation. Significant differences in maximum urine excretion (Cmax) by sex were observed for only 6 metabolites and differences by age for 5 metabolites.
conclusionTotal elimination recovery of (poly)phenols was relatively consistent across age and sex groups, whereas elimination kinetics (Tmax) differed substantially being much later in older indivudals, possibly resulting from differences in intestinal transit time or kidney clearance. Assuming (poly)phenol metabolites have varying biological activities, establishing dose-response relationships and defining metabolite profiles in population subgroups is required to inform the future development of dietary flavonoid/(poly)phenol recommendations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01922869.
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