ArticlePloS one2025
The differential burden of acute rhinovirus infections in children with underlying conditions.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Etiological characterization of acute respiratory tract infections and associated co-infections using Biofire respiratory 2.1 Plus panel.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and seasonal dynamics of six respiratory pathogens in children: a 2-year retrospective cross-sectional study in Chengdu, China.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRhinoviruses (RVs) are a well-known trigger of wheezing episodes in children with asthma. Their role in other pediatric chronic medical conditions is not fully known.
methodsPatients ≤21 years hospitalized or evaluated as outpatients with symptomatic RV infection were identified from 2011-2013. Patients were categorized based on the type of underlying disease and differences in clinical parameters, RV loads (CT values), viral, bacterial and fungal co-infections and clinical outcomes were compared between groups. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify the comorbidities associated with oxygen requirement, PICU admission, and prolonged hospitalization.
resultsOf 1,899 children identified, 77.7% (n = 1477) had an underlying comorbidity including asthma/atopy (36.8%), prematurity (7.7%), chronic respiratory diseases (6.4%), congenital heart disease (CHD, 3.2%), immunocompromised hosts (ICH; 1.4%) and others (22.2%). Prevalence of comorbidities increased with age (70%, infants vs 84%-87%, children >1 year; p < 0.0001). Median RV loads were intermediate-high (24-26 CT values), irrespective of the underlying disease. RV/viral co-detections were identified in 11% of ICH vs 20%- 30% in all other children whereas bacterial co-infections were identified in 2.9% of children. Multivariable models identified asthma/atopy, prematurity, CHD and bacterial co-infections consistently associated with all three clinical outcomes (p < 0.0001). Older age and higher RV loads were also associated with increased odds of PICU admission.
conclusionsThe prevalence of comorbidities was high in children with RV infections. Of those, asthma/atopy, prematurity and CHD were consistently associated with severe disease. Higher RV loads and bacterial co-infections, although infrequent, were also associated with worse clinical outcomes, suggesting the importance of defining clinical phenotypes for future targeted interventions.
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