Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40366482›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2025

Prevalence and possible causes of crying and mild gastrointestinal and skin symptoms in infants reported by healthcare professionals - worldwide data.

Vera Bunt, Jildou Visser, Fawaz AlRefaee, Shannon Seckel, Mizu Jiang, Jinjin Chen, Irina Zakharova, Natalia Geppe, Christophe Dupont, Hania Szajewska and 3 more

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Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Vera BuntAusnutria B.V, P.O. Box 50078, 8002 LB, Zwolle, The Netherlands. vera.bunt@ausnutria.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8994-6338
Jildou VisserAusnutria B.V, P.O. Box 50078, 8002 LB, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Fawaz AlRefaeePediatrics Department, Al-Adan Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
Shannon SeckelTexas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Mizu JiangDepartment of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Endoscopy Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Reginal Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
Jinjin ChenShanghai Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Irina ZakharovaChildren City Clinical Hospital Named After Z.A. Bashlyaeva, Head of Pediatrics Department, Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia.
Natalia GeppeI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Christophe DupontClinique Marcel Sembat, Ramsay Group, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
Hania SzajewskaDepartment of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
Dominique GoossensAusnutria B.V, P.O. Box 50078, 8002 LB, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Lucie van der ZeeAusnutria B.V, P.O. Box 50078, 8002 LB, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Carina VenterSection of Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Children's Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveMany infants experience crying, mild gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (such as regurgitation, constipation, and diarrhea) and skin symptoms during the first year of life. However, little is known about the prevalence and the management of these symptoms. The aim of this study was to gather insights in the experiences, prevalences, and potential causes of mild-to-moderate crying and GI and skin symptoms in healthy infants (< 12 months) as reported by health care professionals (HCPs) globally.

methodsThe study was conducted among HCPs from six regions (China (CN), Europe (EU), Mexico (MX), Middle East (ME), Russia (RU), and the United States (US)). During qualitative interviews with selected experts, alignment on the definitions of crying and GI and skin symptoms and consensus on the survey were reached. The quantitative survey consisted of questions on the reported prevalence of study-defined symptoms in infants, potential causes, treatments, and the role of nutrition in these symptoms Descriptive statistics were used to describe the prevalence, potential causes, and management of study-defined symptoms.

resultsDefinitions of crying, GI, and skin symptoms were formulated, supported by 17 in-depth expert interviews. Survey responses from 1047 HCPs were analyzed. The prevalence of study-defined symptoms was reported to be 60%; gas/bloating (22%) was the most prevalent GI symptom, followed by regurgitation (19%) and unexplained crying/colic (18%). The not yet fully developed infants' GI tract and the type of infants' nutrition were reported as the main causes of study-defined symptoms. To address infants' symptoms, HCPs most often recommend changes in feeding regimen (volume, position of the infant, feeding scheme) or in infants' nutrition, followed by parental advice and/or education.

conclusionHCPs reported that more than half of the infants experience at least one symptom in the first year of life. The ongoing development of the infant's GI tract and infant's nutrition were reported to be the main causes of study-defined symptoms. To manage infants' GI symptoms, HCPs recommend a change in feeding regimen or infants' nutrition along with parental education. What is known? • Infants experience unexplained crying and gastrointestinal (GI) and skin symptoms in the first year of life. • The infant's gastrointestinal tract needs time to develop. What is new? • Health care professionals' (HCPs) consensus on the definitions of mild crying and GI and skin symptoms. • The reported prevalence of those symptoms is 60%, which is approximately twice as high as the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs). - To manage those symptoms, HCPs give parental advice or education, or they recommend a change in feeding regimen or type of infants' nutrition.

Indexed as

CryingGastrointestinal DiseasesSkin DiseasesFemaleGlobal HealthHealth PersonnelHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePrevalenceSurveys and QuestionnairesColic/cryingDiagnosisGas/bloatingInfantMild gastro-intestinal symptomsRegurgitationTreatment

Identifiers

PMID40366482
PMCPMC12078419

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.