Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40364693›Full record

ArticleJournal of microscopy2025

PerfectlyAverage: A classical open-source software method to determine the optimal averaging parameters in laser scanning fluorescence microscopy.

S Foylan, L M Rooney, W B Amos, G W Gould, G McConnell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of microscopy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

S FoylanStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
L M RooneyStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
W B AmosStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
G W GouldStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
G McConnellStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/X005178/1Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/I006826/1Leverhulme TrustMedical Research Council MR/K015583/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a widely used imaging method, but image quality is often degraded by noise. Averaging techniques can enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but while this can improve image quality, excessive frame accumulation can introduce photobleaching and may lead to unnecessarily long acquisition times. A classical software method called PerfectlyAverage is presented to determine the optimal number of frames for averaging in LSFM using SNR, photobleaching, and power spectral density (PSD) measurements. By assessing temporal intensity variations across frames in a time series, PerfectlyAverage identifies the point where additional averaging ceases to provide significant noise reduction. Experiments with fluorescently stained tissue paper and fibroblast cells validated the approach, demonstrating that up to a fourfold reduction in averaging time may be possible. PerfectlyAverage is open source, compatible with any LSFM data, and it is aimed at improving imaging workflows while reducing the reliance on subjective criteria for choosing the number of averages.

Indexed as

Image Processing, Computer-AssistedSoftwareAnimalsFibroblastsMicroscopy, ConfocalMicroscopy, FluorescenceSignal-To-Noise Ratioaveragingfluorescencelaser scanningmicroscopypower spectrumsignal‐to‐noise

Identifiers

PMID40364693
PMCPMC12265855

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.