ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2025
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Parkinsonism-Dystonia Scale for Infants and Young Children.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dystonia Scales for Children: Challenges and Obstacles in DBS Practice.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Review
- Patients with Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome (MCT8 Deficiency) Display Symptoms of Parkinsonism in Childhood and Respond to Levodopa/Carbidopa Treatment.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Observational
- Pediatric parkinsonism: clinical review and a proposed clinical algorithm.Frontiers in neurologyReview
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17 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundParkinsonism in infancy is rare and is highly correlated with the presence of dystonia. Advances in treating and characterizing developmental and infantile degenerative parkinsonism have highlighted the need for a specialized assessment scale.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to design and validate a scale that effectively assesses parkinsonism-dystonia in early life.
methodsThe Infantile Parkinsonism-Dystonia Rating Scale (IPDRS) was designed to capture the key clinical features of parkinsonism-dystonia in early life. It consists of 28 items across three subscales: Non-motor symptoms, Motor symptoms, and Dyskinesias. Thirty-two patients with hypokinetic movement disorder were scored following a standardized protocol. Filmed motor examinations were analyzed independently by three pediatric movement disorders specialists to evaluate interrater reliability. Twenty additional patients with primary neurotransmitter disorders were scored, and nine of them were evaluated at baseline and after treatment. Psychometric validation was conducted.
resultsA total of 52 patients were scored using the IPDRS. Mean age was 3.1 years (standard deviation [SD]: 2.0), and the mean IPDRS score was 40.8 (SD: 13.17). Internal consistency analysis demonstrated a Cronbach's α of 0.21 for Non-motor symptoms subscale, 0.84 for Motor symptoms subscale, and 0.95 for Dyskinesia subscale. Kappa indexes exceeded 0.70 in seven items. Correlation coefficients for dystonia items with the Barry-Albright-Dystonia Scale ranged from 0.46 to 0.64. After treatment, all IPDRS scores changed significantly, with an effect size of 2.42.
conclusionsThe IPDRS appears to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing parkinsonism in early life. Further validation studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings and complete the validation process. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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