ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Optimization Study of Karst-Filling Clay-Cement Grout Based on Orthogonal Experiment and Regression Analysis.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
During shield tunnel construction, karst development along the tunnel axis and in the surrounding area frequently poses a significant threat to engineering safety. To address this challenge, this study proposes multiple grouting systems and systematically analyzes the key mechanical properties of five grout formulations through orthogonal experiments, identifying the optimal formulations for engineering applications. A predictive model was established using linear regression, and its accuracy was validated through independent single-factor experiments. The results indicate the following: (1) Water content is the primary factor influencing fluidity, with its significance varying by system composition. The lake mud-cement grout exhibits the highest compressive pstrength. Moderate sand addition enhances strength, but excessive amounts significantly reduce fluidity. Additives demonstrate system dependency: HY-4 effectively improves fluidity, while sodium silicate significantly increases strength but reduces fluidity. (2) The developed model demonstrates good goodness of fit, with coefficients of determination (R
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