Design of Small-Sized Spiral Slot PIFA Antenna Used Conformally in Laminated Body Tissues.

Rong Li, Jian Liu, Cuizhen Sun, Wang Yao, Ying Tian, Xiaojun Huang

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rong LiCollege of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710061, China.

Jian LiuCollege of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710061, China.ORCID 0009-0006-6053-5172

Cuizhen SunCollege of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710061, China.

Wang YaoCollege of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710061, China.

Ying TianCollege of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710061, China.

Xiaojun HuangCollege of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710061, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7685-2678

Funding

University Project of Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province 24JR108

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents a novel Spiral Slot Planar Inverted-F Antenna (SSPIFA) specifically designed for telemedicine and healthcare applications, featuring compact size, biocompatible safety, and high integration suitability. By replacing the conventional top metal patch of a Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) with a slot spiral radiator whose geometry is precisely matched to the ground plane, the proposed antenna achieves a significant size reduction, making it ideal for encapsulation in miniaturized medical devices-a critical requirement for implantation scenarios. Tailored for the ISM 915 MHz band, the antenna is fabricated with a four-turn slot spiral etched on a 30 mm-diameter dielectric substrate, achieving an overall height of 22 mm and an electrically small profile of approximately 0.09λ × 0.06λ (λ: free-space wavelength at the center frequency). Simulation and measurement results demonstrate a -16 dB impedance matching (S11 parameter) at the target frequency, accompanied by a narrow fractional bandwidth of 1% and stable right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). When implanted in a layered biological tissue model (skin, fat, muscle), the antenna exhibits a near-omni directional radiation pattern in the azimuthal plane, with a peak gain of 2.94 dBi and consistent performance across the target band. These characteristics highlight the SSPIFA's potential for reliable wireless communication in implantable medical systems, balancing miniaturization, radiation efficiency, and biocompatible design.

Indexed as

Wireless TechnologyElectric ImpedanceEquipment DesignHumansConformal antennaLaminated body tissuePIFASlot antennaSpiral antenna

Identifiers

PMID40363376

DOI10.3390/s25092938

PMCPMC12074382

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.