Progress in Avalanche Photodiodes for Laser Ranging.

Zhenxing Liu, Ning An, Xingwei Han, Natalia Edith Nuñez, Liang Jin, Chengzhi Liu

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhenxing LiuChangchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China.

Ning AnChangchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China.

Xingwei HanChangchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China.

Natalia Edith NuñezFaculty of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, National University of San Juan, San Juan J5402, Argentina.

Liang JinSchool of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.

Chengzhi LiuChangchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 12073052Nature Science Foundation of Jilin Province 20230101006JCYouth Innovation Promotion Association CAS 2022061

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Laser ranging is a high-precision geodetic technique that plays an indispensable role in the field of geodynamics. Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) offer a series of advantages over other photodetector technologies, including photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and superconducting single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). These advantages include high sensitivity, small size, high integration, and low power consumption, which have contributed to the widespread use of APDs in laser ranging applications. This paper analyses the key role of APDs in enhancing the accuracy and stability of laser ranging through the examination of application examples, including Si-APD and InGaAs/InP APD. Finally, based on the technological needs of laser ranging, the future development directions of APDs are envisioned, aiming to provide a reference for the research of photodetectors in high-precision and high-frequency laser ranging applications.

Indexed as

high accuracylaser ranginglong range detectionphotodetectors

Identifiers

PMID40363238

DOI10.3390/s25092802

PMCPMC12074416

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.