ArticlePolymers2025
Qualification of the Vitrimeric Matrices in Industrial-Scale Wet Filament Winding Processes for Type-4 Pressure Vessels.
Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predicting porosity in composite high-pressure hydrogen vessels using augmented fuzzy cognitive AI and manufacturing process parameters.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advancing Circular Composite Strategies by Vitrimer-Enabled Reuse of Unidirectional Laminates.Polymers · 2026Article
- Machinability of Vitrified Semi-Finished Products: Chip Formation and Heat Development at the Cutting Edge.Polymers · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The production of fibre-reinforced composites for use in applications such as type-4 pressure vessels for hydrogen storage is achieved through the use of a thermoset matrix. However, the recycling of thermosets presents a significant challenge due to the lack of established recycling methods. Epoxy-based vitrimers show thermoset characteristics during the manufacturing and utilisation phases but exhibit thermoplastic behaviour at elevated temperatures of 190 °C. This study investigates the industrial-scale production of carbon fibre reinforced vitrimers via a wet filament winding, as exemplified by a type-4 pressure vessel demonstrator. Processing conditions of industrial processes have yet to be applied to vitrimers; therefore, two vitrimer formulations are compared to a conventional epoxy thermoset. The processability and resulting composite quality of wound composites using these materials as matrices are compared. The mechanical properties of the composites are compared using an interlaminar shear strength test, demonstrating that the vitrimeric matrices exhibit 19.8% (23 °C) and 49.2% (140 °C) improved interlaminar strength. Consequently, the epoxy-based vitrimers investigated in this study can be employed as a direct replacement for the thermoset matrix in industrial-scale applications, with the potential for recycling the composite. To increase composite qualities, the winding process must be adapted for vitrimers, since a pore free composite could not be achieved.
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Registered trials
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