ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2025
Ruminally Protected Isoleucine, Leucine, Methionine, and Threonine Supplementation of Low-Protein Diets Improved the Performance and Nitrogen Efficiency of Dairy Cows.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of complex enzyme preparation supplementation in a low-protein amino acid-balanced diet on production performance, serum biochemistry, nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen balance of mid-lactation dairy cows.Animal bioscience · 2026Article
- Effects of L-Valine Supplementation in Low-Nitrogen Diets on Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Predicted Methane Emissions Production, and Microbial Communities In Vitro.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Properties, and Sensory Evaluation of Breadsticks Enriched with Carp Meat (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing rumen-protected methionine, threonine, isoleucine, and leucine to low-protein diets on lactating dairy cow performance. Sixty Holstein cows were assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a 9-week randomized complete block design: positive control (16% crude protein diet; 16% CP), negative control (12% CP), 12% CP plus the four essential amino acids (12% CP + EAA), and 14% CP supplemented with the four EAA (14% CP + EAA). The milk protein yield was significantly decreased in the 12% CP group compared to the 16% CP group but was restored to comparable levels with EAA supplementation of both the 12% and 14% CP diets. Dietary nitrogen intake and urinary nitrogen excretion both increased with higher dietary CP levels. Nitrogen utilization efficiency in milk was significantly improved by EAA supplementation, with the highest efficiency observed in the 12% CP + EAA treatment (39.0% vs. 33.3% in the 16% CP diet). Plasma urea levels increased with elevated dietary CP and EAA supplementation. Moreover, EAA supplementation significantly elevated venous methionine levels and showed a tendency to increase venous leucine levels. Additionally, compared to the negative control, EAA supplementation increased concentrations of glucagon and prolactin (
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