Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40361355›Full record

ArticleCancers2025

Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Trends in United States and Canadian Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adults.

May Z Gao, Tariq M Omer, Katherine M Miller, Matthew C Simpson, Aleksandr R Bukatko, Kalipa Gedion, Eric Adjei Boakye, Karen M Kost, James A Dickinson, Mark A Varvares and 1 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07391514 (Deep Learning-Based Intraoperative Dual-tracer Video Analysis of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Metastasis Prediction in cN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07391514 completednot on this map

Deep Learning-Based Intraoperative Dual-tracer Video Analysis of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for Metastasis Prediction in cN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorFirst Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityRan2024 to 2024Enrolled131ConditionsPapillary Thyroid CarcinomaArmsIndocyanine green (ICG) sentinel lymph node mapping, Carbon nanoparticle (CNs) sentinel lymph node mapping, Dual-tracer (ICG combined with CNs) sentinel lymph node mapping
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

May Z GaoDuke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2801-7379
Tariq M OmerDuke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Katherine M MillerDepartment of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Matthew C SimpsonDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9476-1326
Aleksandr R BukatkoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
Kalipa GedionDuke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4824-1001
Eric Adjei BoakyeDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9163-8103
Karen M KostDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
James A DickinsonDepartments of Family Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-3675-6865
Mark A VarvaresDepartment of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Nosayaba Osazuwa-PetersDuke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1390-9753

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesThyroid cancer incidence has risen in both the United States and Canada, despite differing healthcare systems. While overdiagnosis likely partly explains this trend in adults, its impact on younger populations is unclear. We used the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, which included 133,808 thyroid cancer cases from the United States and Canada, to assess incidence trends among pediatric, adolescent, and young adult (PAYA) populations.

methodsAge-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) per 100,000 person-years (PY) were compared using rate ratios (RR), stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity (United States only), and histology. Joinpoint regression estimated annual percentage changes (APC) and average APCs (AAPC) in AAIRs. From 1995 to 2014, thyroid cancer incidence increased by 137%. Significant increases occurred across all age groups (0-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-39 years). The rate increase was highest for papillary thyroid cancer (AAPC = 5.50, 95% CI 5.06, 5.94), and among individuals aged 35-39 years (AAPC = 5.99, 95% CI 4.84, 7.15). Of racial/ethnic groups in the United States, non-Hispanic White individuals had the highest AAIR (6.22 per 100,000 PY). Mortality has changed minimally.

conclusionsOver the past two decades, thyroid cancer incidence has increased in individuals under 40. While evidence suggests that overdiagnosis primarily accounts for this trend, other contributing factors cannot be ruled out. Further research and surveillance of the drivers of increased incidence are critical.

Indexed as

adolescent and young adults (AYA)cancer surveillanceincidence trendsNorth American Association of Central Cancer Registries’ (NAACCR)pediatricthyroid cancer

Identifiers

PMID40361355
PMCPMC12070991

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.