Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40360882›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2025

Development and Optimization of Stimuli-Responsive Fenugreek/Carrageenan-Co-poly (Methacrylate) Hydrogel Matrices for Controlled Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil.

Muhammad Arslan, Muhammad Umer Ashraf, Ayman M Al-Qaaneh, Aysha Aslam, Asif Mahmood, Hira Ijaz, Rai Muhammad Sarfraz, Mohamed M Salem, Milad A Mezher, Mounir M Bekhit

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Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Muhammad ArslanFaculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Muhammad Umer AshrafFaculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Ayman M Al-QaanehFaculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan.
Aysha AslamFaculty of Pharmacy, Minhaj University, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
Asif MahmoodFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan.
Hira IjazDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Khanpur Road, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan.
Rai Muhammad SarfrazCollege of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
Mohamed M SalemCollege of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Milad A MezherBiology Department, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
Mounir M BekhitDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. mbekhet@ksu.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8263-137X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study developed novel, stimuli-responsive, biocompatible fenugreek/carrageenanco-poly(methacrylate) hydrogels via free radical polymerization for pH-regulated 5-FU delivery. The hydrogels were evaluated for drug loading (75.2-96.39%), swelling kinetics, sol-gel fraction, electrolyte responsiveness, porosity, and in vitro drug release. Analytical techniques (FTIR, SEM, PXRD, DSC/TGA) confirmed hydrogel formation, drug-excipient compatibility, and thermal stability. FTIR verified cross-linking and 5-FU incorporation, while DSC/TGA and PXRD indicated reduced drug crystallinity and transition to an amorphous form. SEM revealed rough surfaces with porous networks, supporting high drug loading. The hydrogels exhibited pH-responsive swelling, with higher swelling at pH 7.4 (following second-order kinetics) and minimal swelling at pH 1.2. They also responded to monovalent and divalent cations. In vitro release at pH 7.4 showed controlled 5-FU delivery (68.40-96.81%) over 36 h, following non-Fickian diffusion and Higuchi kinetics. Acute oral toxicity studies confirmed biocompatibility and safety. These findings demonstrate that fenugreek/carrageenan-co-poly(methacrylate) hydrogels are promising biocompatible carriers for targeted, controlled 5-FU delivery, offering a safer option for colorectal cancer treatment and other chemotherapy regimens.

Indexed as

CarrageenanFluorouracilHydrogelsPolymethacrylic AcidsTrigonellaAnimalsDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsDrug LiberationHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationKineticsPorosityCarrageenanDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersFluorouracilHydrogelsPolymethacrylic Acids5-FluouracilCarrageenanControlled deliveryFenugreek mucilageStimuli responsive

Identifiers

PMID40360882

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.