ArticleNature immunology2025
Mucosal unadjuvanted booster vaccines elicit local IgA responses by conversion of pre-existing immunity in mice.
Article in Nature immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- From injection to inhalation: A STING-activating mucosal adjuvant reprograms vaccination.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- On or within: spatial determinants of antigen handling in the nasal turbinates.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Intranasal boosting induces variant-specific responses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-imprinted mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- B cell αv integrin regulates tissue specialization and clonal expansion of lung germinal center and memory B cells after viral infection.Science advances · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit distinct pharyngeal mucosal B cell responses in children.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mucosal Vaccine Development: From Adjuvant Design to Next-Generation Delivery Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Nasal humoral immunity: the first line of protection against respiratory pathogens.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Current status of intranasal and inhaled COVID-19 vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- A Novel Approach to the Design and Sample Size Planning of Animal Experiments Based on Effect Estimation.Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift · 2026Article
- Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Platforms: From Barrier Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Intranasal booster drives class switching and homing of memory B cells for mucosal IgA response.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Extrafollicular and other non-germinal center B cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Intranasal S-2P and lentinan formulation confers broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs via IFN-γ-dominant mechanisms.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Nucleocapsid protein enhances spike- and RBD-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Heterologous mucosal vaccine boosting enhances mucosal and systemic immunity by distinct mechanisms.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: a prospective outlook from technological innovation to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Self-Amplifying RNA Lipid Nanoparticle (saRNA-LNP) Vaccine Provides Effective Protection Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Light Metabolically Reprograms CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mucosal delivery of vaccine boosters induces robust local protective immune responses even without any adjuvants. Yet, the mechanisms by which antigen alone induces mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract remain unclear. Here we show that an intranasal booster with an unadjuvanted recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, after intramuscular immunization with 1 μg of mRNA-LNP vaccine encoding the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2), elicits protective mucosal immunity by retooling the lymph node-resident immune cells. On intranasal boosting, peripheral lymph node-primed B cells rapidly migrated to the lung through CXCR3-CXCL9 and CXCR3-CXCL10 signaling and differentiated into antigen-specific IgA-secreting plasma cells. Memory CD4
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.