ArticleScientific reports2025
Emergence of transferable tigecycline and eravacycline resistance gene tet(X4) in Escherichia coli isolates from Iran.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Eravacycline: A Systematic Review of Data from In Vitro Studies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Real-World Therapy with Eravacycline for Complex Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Pathogens with a Focus on Patients with Severe Burns.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of the emerging multidrug-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
- Real-World Experience on the Use of Eravacycline at Doses of 1 mg/kg Bodyweight and Fixed Dose Strategy in Two European Tertiary Centers.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of NDM-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
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Abstract
Tigecycline (TGC) and eravacycline (ERV) are critical last-resort antibiotics used to treat complicated infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria particularly carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Enterobacterales. The recent emergence of plasmid-mediated TGC resistance gene tet(X) in Enterobacterales of both animal and human origins represents a significant public health threat. In this study, we characterized tet(X4)-bearing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from cattle fecal samples in Iran. A total of 395 fecal samples obtained from calves were screened for tigecycline-resistant (TGC-R) E. coli by inoculating in to selective culture media containing tigecycline. The presence of tet(X) gene among the recovered TGC-R enteric bacteria was assessed using PCR. Genetic relatedness of the tet(X)-bearing strains was analyzed via ERIC-PCR. Three tet(X)-bearing strains were further characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina platform. The transferability and stability of tet(X)-bearing elements were evaluated by conjugation assay and successive subculturing on antibiotic-free culture media respectively. A total of five tet(X)-positive E. coli isolates exhibiting high-level resistance to tigecycline (MIC = 64 mg/L) and eravacycline (MIC > 8 mg/L) were recovered and categorized in to two groups (n = 4, n = 1) based on ERIC-PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. WGS analysis identified tet(X4) variant in three isolates, which belonged to sequence types ST224 (n = 2) and ST10 (n = 1). ResFinder database analysis revealed coexistence of tet(X4) with multiple antibiotic resistance genes including aadA, aph, bla
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