Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40360375›Full record

Observational studyJournal of clinical lipidology

Increased prevalence of coronary heart disease among current smokers carrying APOL1 risk variants within the African American population.

Jelena Mustra Rakic, Clive R Pullinger, Erin L Van Blarigan, Irina Movsesyan, Eveline Oestreicher Stock, Mary J Malloy, John P Kane

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of clinical lipidology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jelena Mustra RakicCardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Mustra Rakic, Pullinger, Movsesyan, Stock, Malloy, and Kane); Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Mustra Rakic, and Kane). Electronic address: Jelena.MustraRakic@ucsf.edu.
Clive R PullingerCardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Mustra Rakic, Pullinger, Movsesyan, Stock, Malloy, and Kane); Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Dr Pullinger).
Erin L Van BlariganDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Dr Van Blarigan).
Irina MovsesyanCardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Mustra Rakic, Pullinger, Movsesyan, Stock, Malloy, and Kane).
Eveline Oestreicher StockCardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Mustra Rakic, Pullinger, Movsesyan, Stock, Malloy, and Kane); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Stock, Malloy, and Kane).
Mary J MalloyCardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Mustra Rakic, Pullinger, Movsesyan, Stock, Malloy, and Kane); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Stock, Malloy, and Kane).
John P KaneCardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Mustra Rakic, Pullinger, Movsesyan, Stock, Malloy, and Kane); Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Mustra Rakic, and Kane); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Drs Stock, Malloy, and Kane); Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (Dr Kane).

Funding

Postdoctoral training in tobacco controlT32DA057216 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Dorothy Elinor Apollonio, Pamela May Ling · 2023 to 2026
$2.0M
Modeling the Effect of Apolipoprotein LI Risk Variants on CVD Risk in African American E-cigarette Users Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Endothelial CellsK99HL183741 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Jelena Mustra Rakic · 2026 to 2026
$127k
NHLBI NIH HHS K99 HL183741NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA057216
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) G1 and G2 gene variants, highly prevalent among the African American population (rare in other racial groups), are linked to increased risk of kidney disease, sepsis, and potentially coronary heart disease (CHD). Their role in tobacco-related CHD remains unclear.

objectiveTo investigate the effect of APOL1 risk variants on the association between tobacco smoking and prevalent CHD in African American adults.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 519 African American adults recruited through the University of California San Francisco Lipid Clinic. Using multivariable logistic regression, we assessed the association between tobacco smoking and CHD, overall and with its most severe subtype, myocardial infarction (MI), among all participants and APOL1 genotype subgroups.

resultsAmong participants, 41% were current (14%) or former (27%) smokers, 54% carried APOL1 risk variants (1 or 2 alleles), and 28% had CHD, including 16% having MI. Current smokers with APOL1 risk variants had 3.3 times higher odds of CHD compared to nonsmokers (95% CI: 1.6, 6.8), with the strongest effect observed in those with 2 risk alleles (odds ratio [OR]: 7.3, CI: 1.1, 48.6) and a substantial effect in carriers of a single risk allele (OR: 3.2, CI: 1.5, 7.2). Among non-carriers, current smoking was not significantly associated with CHD (OR: 1.3). A similar trend was observed for MI. Former smoking was associated with CHD (OR: 2.0), independent of APOL1 genotype.

conclusionAfrican American smokers with APOL1 G1 and/or G2 risk variants may be at greater risk of CHD; this relationship appears to follow an additive model.

Indexed as

Apolipoprotein L1Black or African AmericanCoronary DiseaseGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseSmokingAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSmokersAPOL1 protein, humanApolipoprotein L1African American adultsApolipoprotein L1Cigarette smokingCoronary heart diseaseCross-sectional study

Identifiers

PMID40360375
PMCPMC12922773

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.