Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40359999›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of dentistry2026

Comparing ChatGPT and Dental Students' Performance in an Introduction to Dental Anatomy Examination: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Rizwan Ullah, Muhammad Saad Shaikh, Nazish Shahani, Mohid Abrar Lone, Muhammad Amber Fareed, Muhammad Sohail Zafar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots and Dental Students on Context of Dental Trauma.Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rizwan UllahDepartment of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Saad ShaikhDepartment of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-2128-9010
Nazish ShahaniDepartment of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Mohid Abrar LoneDepartment of Oral Pathology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Amber FareedClinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.ORCID 0000-0001-8440-0092
Muhammad Sohail ZafarClinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.ORCID 0000-0002-5157-7067

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article compares the knowledge and interpretation ability of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), with undergraduate dental students by administering a dental anatomy multiple-choice question-based examination.This analytical cross-sectional study determined ChatGPT's justification for each response to evaluate its suitability as an e-learning tool. The frequency and percentage of students and ChatGPT were calculated to obtain the correct answers for a multiple-choice examination.The data analysis was performed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) by IBM (Version 20) and Microsoft Excel by Microsoft Corporation. The frequency and percentage of students and the ChatGPT were calculated for the correct answers. The

Identifiers

PMID40359999
PMCPMC12890407

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.