Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40358623›Full record

ReviewEuropean heart journal2025

Acute coronary syndromes: mechanisms, challenges, and new opportunities.

Simon Kraler, Christian Mueller, Peter Libby, Deepak L Bhatt

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European heart journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Observational
  6. Observational
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Transient miR-92a Induction in Intermediate Monocytes (CD14International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Simon KralerCenter for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8245-7287
Christian MuellerDepartment of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1120-6405
Peter LibbyDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1502-502X
Deepak L BhattMount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1278-6245

Funding

Foundation for Cardiovascular Research-Zurich Heart HouseJubiläumsstiftung SwissLifeLindenhof FoundationNovartis Foundation for Medical-biological ResearchSwiss Heart FoundationSwiss Society of CardiologyTheodor-Ida-Herzog-Egli FoundationUniversity of Zurich
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite advances in research and patient management, atherosclerosis and its dreaded acute and chronic sequelae continue to account for one out of three deaths globally. The vast majority of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) arise from either plaque rupture or erosion, but other mechanisms, including calcific nodules, embolism, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary spasm, and microvascular dysfunction, can also cause ACS. This ACS heterogeneity necessitates a paradigm shift in its management that extends beyond the binary interpretation of electrocardiographic and biomarker data. Indeed, given the evolution in the global risk factor profile, the increasing importance of previously underappreciated mechanisms, the evolving appreciation of sex-specific disease characteristics, and the advent of rapidly evolving technologies, a precision medicine approach is warranted. This review provides an update of the mechanisms of ACS, delineates the role of previously underappreciated contributors, discusses sex-specific differences, and explores novel tools for contemporary and personalized management of patients with ACS. Beyond mechanistic insights, it examines evolving imaging techniques, biomarkers, and regression- and machine learning-based approaches for the diagnosis (e.g. CoDE-ACS, MI3) and prognosis (e.g. PRAISE, GRACE, SEX-SHOCK scores) of ACS, along with their implications for future ACS management. A more individualized approach to patients with ACS is advocated, emphasizing the need for innovative studies on emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, which may collectively facilitate clinical decision-making within a more mechanistic framework, thereby personalizing patient care and potentially improving long-term outcomes.

Indexed as

Acute Coronary SyndromeBiomarkersFemaleHumansMalePlaque, AtheroscleroticPrecision MedicinePrognosisRisk FactorsSex FactorsBiomarkersAcute coronary syndromesAcute myocardial infarctionArtificial intelligenceClinical decision-makingC-reactive proteinDual antiplatelet therapyIndividualized managementInflammationIntravascular ultrasoundMachine learningOptical coherence tomographyPercutaneous coronary interventionPlaque erosionPlaque healingPlaque rupturePrecision medicineSex differences

Identifiers

PMID40358623
PMCPMC12314746

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.